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Wharton operations and information management professor Katherine Milkman coined a new concept: Temptation Bundling, “which involves coupling instantly gratifying ‘want’ activities with engagement in a ‘should behavior’ that provides long-term benefits but requires the exertion of willpower.”

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如何找出「對的問題」,首先必須清楚描述「應有的景象」,才能掌握與「現狀」間的落差,找出對的問題 ( 問題 = 應有的景象 – 現狀 )。

如何發掘應有的景象?【發現問題的思考術】作者齋藤嘉則強調,只有以客觀性與邏輯性為基礎,加上主觀與感性的核心,應有的景象才會清楚浮現。

齋藤提出「問題發現的4P」,做為提升問題發現力,構思應有景象的架構:

目的軸 (Purpose):究竟「為了什麼」而行動?「為了什麼」而朝向那個方向?「為了什麼」要下決定?發現問題的第一步,是確定目的。

空間軸 (Perspective):從高處俯瞰掌握問題,問題會隨著視野的擴大而不同。問題愈複雜,視野如果無法隨著增加廣度,就無法看見問題的本質。

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培養思考力,提升問題解決能力

在網路發達的時代,若無法用自己的頭腦思考,找出自己獨特的觀點,最後就只能被網路資訊牽著鼻子走。在思考的過程中,知識和資訊固然重要,然而,真正能讓人脫穎而出的關鍵在於「問題解決力」,知識所扮演的角色已經漸漸從目的,退居為手段。

日本思考學大師細谷功 (Hosoya Isao) 將「問題解決力」分成三層結構,最底下兩層為基礎能力:求知慾、邏輯思考力和直覺力,最上層則為:假說思考力、架構思考力和抽象化思考。

假說思考力:從「結論」開始思考,結論就好比目的地,即事先設定好終點,強迫自己站在該立場思考。另外,從「看不見的本質」(內在) 而非「看得見的表現」(形式) 開始思考,也屬於假說思考。只看見表面形式的人,會將所有顯示於表面的形態,都看作是完全不同的東西;然而,對於看得見內在的人來說,這些不同的形態,不過是出於同一個本質的不同表現形態而已。

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美國心理學家威廉‧馬斯頓 (William Marston) 指出,個性差異會讓人們產生不同的行為模式,如果能先了解對方個性,推測出他們說話和做事背後的原因,就能找出最適合對方的溝通方式。

威廉‧馬斯頓以「主動外向/被動內向」和「人際導向/任務導向」為兩軸,將人的行為分為以下四種,儘管每個人都是這四種行為模式的綜合體,但是仍舊會顯現出一個最主要的行事風格,可做為與對方應對互動時的參考。

支配型 (Dominance):目標明確、行動導向。渴望掌控自己的命運,適合成為領導者。和支配型的人溝通時,要讓他們發表意見,充分展現自主權。

影響型 (Influence):非常熱情、有活力,擅長說服和影響他人。喜歡將談話導向正向開心的氛圍,會使盡全力來強化自己的情緒和重點。影響型的人偏好自由討論的氣氛,喜歡在舒適情境下分享看法,說話時也期待對方給予正面回饋。

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Book#013 – Remote

0013-Remote

Remote

Office Not Required
Jason Fried & David Heinemeier Hansson
20131029

About This Book

Jason and David will illuminate the many benefits of remote work, including access to the best talent, freedom from soul-crushing commutes, and increased productivity outside the traditional office. And they will tackle all the excuses floating around – for examples, that innovation only happens face-to-face, that people can’t be trusted to be productive at home, that company culture would wither away.

Above all, this book will teach you how to become an expert in remote work. It will provide an overview of the tools and techniques that will help you get the most out of it, as well as the pitfalls and constraints that can bring you down.

The Time Is Right for Remote Work

Why work doesn’t happen at work
It’s incredibly hard to get meaningful work done when your workday has been shredded into work moments. Creative work, thoughtful work, important work – this type of effort takes stretches of uninterrupted time to get into the zone.

Escaping 9am-5pm
The big transition with a distributed workforce is going from synchronous to asynchronous collaboration. Not only do we not have to be in the same spot to work together, we also don’t have to work at the same time to work together.

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成功者的 8 個習慣

1. 主動積極 (當責):先改變自己,才能擴大影響力改變他人

2. 以終為始 (目標管理):寫下你的使命宣言,建立階段性目標

3. 要事第一 (時間管理):專注真正重要的事,掌握人生主控權

4. 雙贏思維 (賽局理論):利人利己五要領,大家都可以是贏家

  1. 品格 – 真誠、正直、成熟、富足
  2. 關係 – 互賴關係
  3. 協議 – 雙方有共識的合夥協議
  4. 制度 – 鼓勵合作的制度
  5. 流程 – 達成合夥協議的過程

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Bruce Lee’s Powerful Quote

Bruce Lee quote

I fear not the man who has practiced 10,000 kicks once, but I fear the man who has practiced one kick 10,000 times. – Bruce Lee

10 Tips to Improve Your Reading Comprehension

  1. Never read a book without a pen in your hand.
  2. Read a whole paragraph/section BEFORE you stop to highlight or take a note.
  3. Read important sections out loud.
  4. Read silently with quick “check-marks.”
  5. Explain what you read.
  6. Learn to “X-ray” a book by reviewing the Table of Contents and only reading the sections/chapters that will be benefit you.
  7. Pay attention to summary words – “therefore” or “as a result” or “in conclusion.”
  8. Circle/Underline key words in a sentence.
  9. Mark words you don’t know – and look them up!
  10. You should read How to Read a Book by Mortimer Adler and Charles Van Doren.